Most controllers are a combination of these three elements. However, there are several ways how to combine and physically implement these elements. Consequently, there is a large variety of…
The Doppler broadened transmission of a second probe beam which is sent through the gas cell without overlapping the pump beam can be used as a reference. Subtracting this reference from the actual…
a) Side-of-fringe locking
Considering a spectral peak, e.g. obtained from the transmission through a spectroscopy cell or through an optical resonator, a straight forward way to obtain an error…
"TOPTICAs CARS solution is really one of our working horses in the lab! The fiber technology is compact, reliable and quiet. I can fully recommend the laser to every researcher working in the field…
"The FemtoFiber bCARS laser solution from TOPTICA is the perfect fit for broadband CARS microscopy and a real working horse in our user facility. Setting-up the laser was extremely simple and since…
"For us TOPTICAs FemtoFiber CARS system is the perfect laser for standard as well as broadband CARS and SRS applications. The simple all-fiber design makes the system very easy to work with and…
„In my eyes, the FemtoFiber ASOPS laser solution from TOPTICA is the best possible laser system for our research on spin dynamics with highest sensitivity. By combining the flexibility and stability…
The PID controller is the prototype for most controllers, where the P, I and D represent different parts of the controller which contribute to the control signal u(t).The overall signal is the sum…
b) Optical Cavities
An alternative approach of measuring a laser´s frequency is to link it to the geometrical properties of an optical cavity. The most common type for this purpose is the…